On March 14, the European Day for the prevention of cardiovascular risk is celebrated. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, which is why it is essential to know the risk factors and the recommendations to keep our hearts healthy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2030 close to 25 million people will die from these pathologies, most of which can be prevented if action is taken on these risk factors, such as tobacco and obesity.
Heart disease
Cardiovascular diseases are those that affect the heart and blood vessel system. Among them we find coronary, congenital and rheumatic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
In addition, heart attacks and strokes are included, which are the cause of 51% of deaths from these diseases, according to WHO data.
Risk factors for the heart
There are four modifiable risk factors responsible for 80% of cases of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease: an unhealthy diet, a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption and smoking.
The first two factors cause an increase in blood pressure and in the concentration of sugar and fats in the blood, which leads to problems of overweight and obesity that increase the chances of suffering heart attacks and strokes.
WHO recommendations for the heart
The organization agrees that the disappearance of smoking, the introduction of diets rich in fruit and vegetables, low in salt, leading a lifestyle that includes physical activity and reducing excessive alcohol consumption are effective measures to reduce the incidence of these illnesses.
In addition, it is advisable to prevent the appearance of cardiovascular pathologies by treating other ailments such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
At the population level, the WHO defends government policies against tobacco use, increased taxes on foods with high fat and sugar content, and measures to avoid a sedentary life, such as the creation of bike lanes and pedestrian areas in the cities.